FOR EXAMPLE: BBC RADIO 1, BBC RADIO 2, 3, 4 and 5, 6
-Radio 1 is to entertain a wide range of young listeners with new music and celebrity gossip
-Their target audience is 15-29 year old's
-This is a national radio station.
-Radio 2 is to entertain a wide range of listeners over the age of 35 with mixed music and speech
radio 2 is a national radio station.
Consists of music programmes, speech-based content, current affairs, documentary's religion, arts and comedy.
-Capital has 59% audience which are between the ages of 15-34
-They target people who are interested in new music and celebrity gossip
-They all so bring in listeners by doing game shows to win music tickets
capital is a regional radio station, but serves the nation as it has many different capital FM'S for the area.
-The majority of capitals listeners are female with 58% being female and 42% male
FOR EXAMPLE: CAPITAL FM, TFM, HEART, METRO
COMMUNITY: Community radio is radio that is just for certain area's like Middlesbrough has CVFM, its to cater for a certain local community. There is about 200 community radio stations over the UK.
FOR EXAMPLE: CVFM, BRADFORD COMMUNITY BROADCASTING,GTFM. These type of radio stations generally cover small area's usually up to 5km. They reflect a diverse mix of cultures and interests while some only considerate of catering for certain area's others cater for whole communities. Community stations are ran entirely by the members of public in the community, they get their revenue from 50% fundraising and 50% adverting. Ofcom awarded the first every community radio license back in 2004, since the new stations have been set up all over the UK, they each serve a particular community's needs. Some of the stations serve to a diverse mix of cultures and interests.
CVFM is the local community radio in Middlesbrough which is ran by members of the local community. This station serves both a mix of cultures and interests. CVFM is funded through advertisement for example; smooth print which is situated near the CVFM station. CVFM is a non-profitable station.
£2.08 goes to radio from your TV licence which is for public radio. Around 35 million listen to public radio and radio stations such as BBC radio 1 cater for a certain type of target audience as you get older you seem to move up to different stations such as 2, 3, 4,5 ,6 ect. Radio stations considerate on making sound and content for certain target audiences such as Capital is really based on young people because it has allot of modern music and not much speech whereas radios such as BBC 2 talk a lot and tell you about the new's and weather and Magic radio caters for people that listen to an older music. Also you get culture on radio stations because they have Asian Network which caters for that sort of culture. They also base radio stations on interest young people tend to listen to capital,tfm and kiss because they cater for young listeners that like brand new out music and celebrity gossip.
Ethics and regulation
Radio producers set guidelines to ensure no harm or offence is inflicted when broadcasting live.
They have to make sure they don't swear when live on air because its offensive.
They cannot stereotype people.
They can't reveal anything private or confidential such as crime reporting because they can be sued for doing that because it is against privacy rights.
They have to talk on the radio with a fair representation.
The peoples who make these rules have codes and guidelines that producers must follow..
OFCOM have a broadcasting code
BBC trust have editorial guidelines
SPEECH PROGRAMMING COSTS
On a private radio station such as CAPITAL FM it costs £27 an hour to broadcast because it is mostly music and some adverts and occasionally but not often the presenter gives you an update on news or traffic.
Whereas on BBC TEES it costs £434 an hour because it is always presenters talking doing news beats, traffic warnings, quiz shows, breakfast shows and all sorts.
BBC RADIO 4 spends £9,120 an hour because they have allot of interviews and other people talking about stories and documentary's.
SPEECH PROGRAMMING
The purpose of a news show is to give an in depth reporting of information, there can consist of information, current affairs, program, bulletins and longer news program.
The purpose of a factual show is to both inform people with information and entertain them, these can consist of discussions, magazines, music sequences, documentaries and it can be to investigate.
The examples of these types of shows are below as i have written listening diary's for various news and factual shows.
LISTENING DIARY'S
I listened to different radio stations and written about how the radio stations were structured and how they were suited to the target audience. I listened to two different type of genres which were news and factual.
Name of station- BBC Radio News Beat
Name of Show- News Beat
Target Audience- 15-30, both male and female. It is also aimed at people of any ethnicity and listeners who have an interest in news and also sport related stories.
Genre-news, informal, this is because it is a short snappy way to broadcast the news it isn't a formal long news presentation.
Style of program- Chatty presenter talking about the news, this is because the target audience for the show is 15-30 so they don't want to listen to boring, formal show's because they would change station they like to listen to informal presenters and they can then feel as if the presenter is just having a normal chit chat with them. The format of this show is studio based and on location. It is a national radio station that can be only listened to within the UK. There is a lot of vox pops that are used in this show because it is an effective way of getting a range of opinions from different people on the topic they are talking about in the show i was listening to the story about a 14 year old girl taking her own life through online bullying, the show heard from people of the target audience that the girl was herself their views and opinions of the story this would be an example of the show doing vox pops.
Structure of program- The presenter will do a news bulletin of around 30 seconds this is there to let you know what's coming up and to keep you listening longer, often you will hear a jingle saying news beat just to make sure people know what the program is called they are listening to, interviews and discussions with contributors getting there opinions on certain situations. Minute take over by another man on the show then back to the presenter.
Contributors- Presenter, talk from a man who's brother had been killed in a car accident, James Waterhouse talking about the accident also, a young boy called junior discussing a part of the show, Siemma talking from a different area on the radio getting across of another accident that had took place there. Then back to the presenter.
Any legal/ethical considerations- Presenters have to protect people by not mentioning there names on the radio, say if someone committed a rape offence they cannot mention the victims name while presenting because they would get took to court. They have to have balanced opinions and can't take other people's sides that are being interviewed on the show, they have to be sensitive when talking about certain issues so they don't harm or offend anyone and follow the BBC guidelines or OFCOM codes.
Name of station-Radio 1 Asian network
Name of show- Nihal
Target audience- British Asians
Genre-factual and also it is a discussion debate show, the show is just based on discussions from a range of people and Nihal is very laid back and really talk's to the audience and expresses his views, he does not get annoyed and if the people he is talking to do he just cut's them off.
Style of program- The topic is formal but the presenter is chatty and informal to make you feel like your just listening to a normal discussion with people, because the target audience is British Asians it isn't just them that listen to this program because you find because Nihal is informal people can understand his views easily because he respects others views and is not just biased. The format of this show is studio based and on location. Asian network is aimed at British Asians of the UK, so it is a national radio station.
Structure of program- Speech then he gets different contributors views and opinions on certain discussions
Contributors- The presenter, Rashid a man that was discussing with him, Judd also doing the same and Maya doing the same also.They focus strongly on news and current affairs although the topic of the show is formal they have discussions/debates which are informal, as they voice their own opinions and the listeners opinions
Any legal/ethical considerations-Presenters will warn the contributors before hand not to swear on the show but being a discussion debate show some people tend to lose there temper and do swear if this happens they will cut them off and apologize to people listening. They also have to be sympathetic when talking about certain things so they don't harm or offend anyone and they have the make sure they get the facts correct when saying things live like statistics.
Name of station- BBC world service
Name of show- BBC news summary
Target audience- people around the world that would like to know about what is going on in Britain and also British people that are on holiday. There isn't really an age range as its broadcast to an audience over 192 million, it is also broad-casted in 27 different languages.
Genre- Formal, the women that presents this radio station has a very clear British accent so other people that don't have English as there first language can understand and hear every word they say clearly. It is not informal because people tend to listen to this on holiday they need to be able to understand the presenter clearly.
Style of program-All formal and serious hard hitting news. There is no chatty presenters it is just one presenter that has to have a clear British accent to make sure people can understand the news that is happing in Britain.
Structure of program- Just news done in 2 minutes no interviews or contributors. The structure of the program is very short because no one else talks it is just one presenter. The format of this show is studio based and on location. Compares to a factual show the news show is more formal as they use the RP voice, the RP voice is the queens voice which is very formal this is because it is aired worldwide everyone needs to be able to understand what is being said. The news summary is different to news beat as a summary because as the summary is 2 minutes long as it is just as quick news bulletin but only included the hard hitting stories whereas news beat is for five minutes and included contributors on the phone or doing interviews/voxpops.
Contributors- None just the presenter because it was a 2 minute summary of the news.
Legal/ethical considerations- Making sure the information is correct that is announced because if it is not legal action can be taken.The news needs to be the truth and nothing but the truth.
Name of station-BBC radio 5 live breakfast
Name of show- five live drive
Target audience-18+ anyone who wants to know about sports and news basically.
Genre-formal talking about statistics all the time. News. Weather. They tend to talk about things that only a certain group of people will be interested in because not all people want to listen to sport or the new's. Both male and female listen to this radio station but it is mostly people that want to know about sports updates.
Style of program-formal, general discussions about sport or news to do with money and government and unemployment. A very political radio stations it has lots of discussions on the show and interviews with sports players and government discussions. Studio based and on location.It is also a national radio station, this means that is can only be accessed or listened to within the UK, no other country would be able to listen to it.
Structure of program-Introduction from the presenters then going straight into talking about the economic issues and swapping to the other presenter, interviews, back to the studio.
Contributors-Peter Allan and Sam walker as main presenters then interviewers.
Legal/ethical considerations-They need to make sure they get the new's correct and don't say anything to harm or offend anything (follow OFCOM and BBC guidelines)
Name of station-BBC radio 4
Name of show-2012: the end of time
Target audience-30+ or anyone who is mature and well educated that really enjoys science and learning about the world.
Genre-Factual, talking casual but getting across to the audience that this is an important factual show. It is more for older people this radio station and they tend to talk casually to the audience about history and about the world.
Style of program-Informal, general story's about history. Although the information they are telling the audience and the discussions they have when interviewing on air they do tend to talk casually to each other and discuss lots of issues about history and world problems.
Structure of program--One presenter talking through out the broadcast, but when mentioning people on the show they get interviews and people in to talk about all the fact's they are highlighting so you can get the story from allot of point of views then end of the show. The format of the show is studio based on location. It is also a national radio station so it cannot be listened to outside the UK.
Contributors-One presenter and a few people interviewing.
Legal/ethical considerations-No swearing when talking about history because of the discussions some people don't always agree, make sure your not harming or offending anyone when talking about a certain subject. When talking about facts and science you need to consider the show is both fact and theory based and they credit other scientists so that they are not breaching the copyright law.
Name of station-BBC radio 4
Name of show-1913: the year before
Target audience- 30+ maybe history students or people that are interested in studying history and learning new things from the program about this.
Genre-Factual, talking about different history subjects every day. People enjoy listening to all the different stories that are told on the show and discussed to other people that ring in on the show.
Style of program-Formal general stories about history. Even though they are talking to the others casually it is a formal station because it does not have news, weather, or music,and they are talking about important issues and discussing the past with one another.
Structure of program-Talking about the first world war then going into different discussions, people talking about political and social history of the war. Stories from many people. End of show (more next week)
Contributors-One presenter introducing the show then stories off a wide range of people.
Legal/ethical considerations-Make sure the information being reported is all correct and by these stories that are on BBC 4 they need to make sure they do not try harm or offend the public listening to the station, because it is facts more than theory on this station the history facts need to be completely right.
For this assignment i looked at a range of stations and learnt about news an factual programs, when doing other assignments next year i will now know what else i need to include to boost my grade higher, all the different types of stations i looked at were all studio based and on location, there was allot of different target audience's for each show, this is because not everyone fits into their demographic and psycho-graphic audience. Based on what i have listened to i have learnt that the purpose of a news show is to give an in depth reporting of information, which consist of, current affairs program, bulletins, longer news program and the purpose of a factual show is to both inform people with information and entertain them, these can consist of discussions, magazines, music sequences, documentaries and it can be investigative. A lot of the shows bring in new contributors, this is so that shows don't die down and they stay popular, and so the public can hear different opinions and and different debates.All the radio stations i chose to listen to were regional so they couldn't be listened to anywhere but the UK. There was a lot of legal and ethical considerations that stations have to understand that I found out about and i now know that when making my own vox pops and recording and putting together speech packages i need to also take them into consideration myself. All the shows use vox pops in different ways some for just asking a question some for a game show and some for debates and discussions but that's how you put together the radio station by adding in these vox pop's all the time and having different contributors.
