radio assignment 2

PUBLIC- Public radio services include all broadcast, print and internet media and their job is to serve the public rather than to make a profit. It is funded by our TV licences. It is a non-commercial part of the modern media landscape which is designed specifically to inform, educate and enhance the lives of the public. Public television and radio stations in contrast to most commercial broadcasters tend to be locally owned and operated.You can tune into them anywhere in the UK. The BBC operates radio services nationally, regionally and locally.The BBC's target audience is always based on age, interests and culture.
FOR EXAMPLE: BBC RADIO 1, BBC RADIO 2, 3, 4 and 5, 6

-Radio 1 is to entertain a wide range of young listeners with new music and celebrity gossip
-Their target audience is 15-29 year old's
-This is a national radio station.
-Radio 2 is to entertain a wide range of listeners over the age of 35 with mixed music and speech
radio 2 is a national radio station.
Consists of music programmes, speech-based content, current affairs, documentary's religion, arts and comedy.

PRIVATE- Private radio services are privately owned-no stock/shareholders, they are paid for by uses of sponsorship and commercially funded by advertisement. Most of the private stations serve a local or regional area and are owned by one of these three groups which are Global, Bauer or UTV. There are over 300 in the UK mostly using DAB and FM frequencies.Private radio is the examples below they are owned by private companies. These advertise and broadcast for profit. By selling, advertising and sponsorship they create an income for the company.

-Capital has 59% audience which are between the ages of 15-34
-They target people who are interested in new music and celebrity gossip
-They all so bring in listeners by doing game shows to win music tickets
capital is a regional radio station, but serves the nation as it has many different capital FM'S for the area.
-The majority of capitals listeners are female with 58% being female and 42% male

FOR EXAMPLE: CAPITAL FM, TFM, HEART, METRO

COMMUNITY: Community radio is radio that is just for certain area's like Middlesbrough has CVFM, its to cater for a certain local community. There is about 200 community radio stations over the UK.

FOR EXAMPLE: CVFM, BRADFORD COMMUNITY BROADCASTING,GTFM. These type of radio stations generally cover small area's usually up to 5km. They reflect a diverse mix of cultures and interests while some only considerate of catering for certain area's others cater for whole communities. Community stations are ran entirely by the members of public in the community, they get their revenue from 50% fundraising and 50% adverting. Ofcom awarded the first every community radio license back in 2004, since the new stations have been set up all over the UK, they each serve a particular community's needs. Some of the stations serve to a diverse mix of cultures and interests.

CVFM is the local community radio in Middlesbrough which is ran by members of the local community. This station serves both a mix of cultures and interests. CVFM is funded through advertisement for example; smooth print which is situated near the CVFM station. CVFM is a non-profitable station. 

£2.08 goes to radio from your TV licence which is for public radio. Around 35 million listen to public radio and radio stations such as BBC radio 1 cater for a certain type of target audience as you get older you seem to move up to different stations such as 2, 3, 4,5 ,6 ect. Radio stations considerate on making sound and content for certain target audiences such as Capital is really based on young people because it has allot of modern music and not much speech whereas radios such as BBC 2 talk a lot and tell you about the new's and weather and Magic radio caters for people that listen to an older music. Also you get culture on radio stations because they have Asian Network which caters for that sort of culture. They also base radio stations on interest young people tend to listen to capital,tfm and kiss because they cater for young listeners that like brand new out music and celebrity gossip.

Ethics and regulation

Radio producers set guidelines to ensure no harm or offence is inflicted when broadcasting live.

They have to make sure they don't swear when live on air because its offensive.

They cannot stereotype people.

They can't reveal anything private or confidential such as crime reporting because they can be sued for doing that because it is against privacy rights.

They have to talk on the radio with a fair representation.

The peoples who make these rules have codes and guidelines that producers must follow..

OFCOM have a broadcasting code

BBC trust have editorial guidelines 

SPEECH PROGRAMMING COSTS

On a private radio station such as CAPITAL FM it costs £27 an hour to broadcast because it is mostly music and some adverts and occasionally but not often the presenter gives you an update on news or traffic.

Whereas on BBC TEES it costs £434 an hour because it is always presenters talking doing news beats, traffic warnings, quiz shows, breakfast shows and all sorts.

BBC RADIO 4 spends £9,120 an hour because they have allot of interviews and other people talking about stories and documentary's.

SPEECH PROGRAMMING

The purpose of a news show is to give an in depth reporting of information, there can consist of information, current affairs, program, bulletins and longer news program. 

The purpose of a factual show is to both inform people with information and entertain them, these can consist of discussions, magazines, music sequences, documentaries and it can be to investigate.

The examples of these types of shows are below as i have written listening diary's for various news and factual shows. 

LISTENING DIARY'S

I listened to different radio stations and written about how the radio stations were structured and how they were suited to the target audience. I listened to two different type of genres which were news and factual. 

Name of station- BBC Radio News Beat

Name of Show- News Beat 

Target Audience- 15-30, both male and female. It is also aimed at people of any ethnicity and listeners who have an interest in news and also sport related stories.

Genre-news, informal, this is because it is a short snappy way to broadcast the news it isn't a formal long news presentation.

Style of program- Chatty presenter talking about the news, this is because the target audience for the show is 15-30 so they don't want to listen to boring, formal show's because they would change station they like to listen to informal presenters and they can then feel as if the presenter is just having a normal chit chat with them. The format of this show is studio based and on location. It is a national radio station that can be only listened to within the UK. There is a lot of vox pops that are used in this show because it is an effective way of getting a range of opinions from different people on the topic they are talking about in the show i was listening to the story about a 14 year old girl taking her own life through online bullying, the show heard from people of the target audience that the girl was herself their views and opinions of the story this would be an example of the show doing vox pops.

Structure of program- The presenter will do a news bulletin of around 30 seconds this is there to let you know what's coming up and to keep you listening longer, often you will hear a jingle saying news beat just to make sure people know what the program is called they are listening to, interviews and discussions with contributors getting there opinions on certain situations. Minute take over by another man on the show then back to the presenter.

Contributors- Presenter, talk from a man who's brother had been killed in a car accident, James Waterhouse talking about the accident also, a young boy called junior discussing a part of the show, Siemma talking from a different area on the radio getting across of another accident that had took place there. Then back to the presenter.

Any legal/ethical considerations- Presenters have to protect people by not mentioning there names on the radio, say if someone committed a rape offence they cannot mention the victims name while presenting because they would get took to court. They have to have balanced opinions and can't take other people's sides that are being interviewed on the show, they have to be sensitive when talking about certain issues so they don't harm or offend anyone and follow the BBC guidelines or OFCOM codes.

Name of station-Radio 1 Asian network

Name of show- Nihal

Target audience- British Asians

Genre-factual and also it is a discussion debate show, the show is just based on discussions from a range of people and Nihal is very laid back and really talk's to the audience and expresses his views, he does not get annoyed and if the people he is talking to do he just cut's them off.

Style of program- The topic is formal but the presenter is chatty and informal to make you feel like your just listening to a normal discussion with people, because the target audience is British Asians it isn't just them that listen to this program because you find because Nihal is informal people can understand his views easily because he respects others views and is not just biased. The format of this show is studio based and on location. Asian network is aimed at British Asians of the UK, so it is a national radio station. 

Structure of program- Speech then he gets different contributors views and opinions on certain discussions 

Contributors- The presenter, Rashid a man that was discussing with him, Judd also doing the same and Maya doing the same also.They focus strongly on news and current affairs although the topic of the show is formal they have discussions/debates which are informal, as they voice their own opinions and the listeners opinions 

Any legal/ethical considerations-Presenters will warn the contributors before hand not to swear on the show but being a discussion debate show some people tend to lose there temper and do swear if this happens they will cut them off and apologize to people listening. They also have to be sympathetic when talking about certain things so they don't harm or offend anyone and they have the make sure they get the facts correct when saying things live like statistics.

Name of station- BBC world service

Name of show- BBC news summary

Target audience- people around the world that would like to know about what is going on in Britain and also British people that are on holiday. There isn't really an age range as its broadcast to an audience over 192 million, it is also broad-casted in 27 different languages.

Genre- Formal, the women that presents this radio station has a very clear British accent so other people that don't have English as there first language can understand and hear every word they say clearly. It is not informal because people tend to listen to this on holiday they need to be able to understand the presenter clearly.

Style of program-All formal and serious hard hitting news. There is no chatty presenters it is just one presenter that has to have a clear British accent to make sure people can understand the news that is happing in Britain.

Structure of program- Just news done in 2 minutes no interviews or contributors. The structure of the program is very short because no one else talks it is just one presenter. The format of this show is studio based and on location. Compares to a factual show the news show is more formal as they use the RP voice, the RP voice is the queens voice which is very formal this is because it is aired worldwide everyone needs to be able to understand what is being said. The news summary is different to news beat as a summary because as the summary is 2 minutes long as it is just as quick news bulletin but only included the hard hitting stories whereas news beat is for five minutes and included contributors on the phone or doing interviews/voxpops.

Contributors- None just the presenter because it was a 2 minute summary of the news.

Legal/ethical considerations- Making sure the information is correct that is announced because if it is not legal action can be taken.The news needs to be the truth and nothing but the truth.

Name of station-BBC radio 5 live breakfast

Name of show- five live drive

Target audience-18+ anyone who wants to know about sports and news basically.

Genre-formal talking about statistics all the time. News. Weather. They tend to talk about things that only a certain group of people will be interested in because not all people want to listen to sport or the new's. Both male and female listen to this radio station but it is mostly people that want to know about sports updates. 

Style of program-formal, general discussions about sport or news to do with money and government and unemployment. A very political radio stations it has lots of discussions on the show and interviews with sports players and government discussions. Studio based and on location.It is also a national radio station, this means that is can only be accessed or listened to within the UK, no other country would be able to listen to it. 

Structure of program-Introduction from the presenters then going straight into talking about the economic issues and swapping to the other presenter, interviews, back to the studio.

Contributors-Peter Allan and Sam walker as main presenters then interviewers.

Legal/ethical considerations-They need to make sure they get the new's correct and don't say anything to harm or offend anything (follow OFCOM and BBC guidelines) 

Name of station-BBC radio 4

Name of show-2012: the end of time

Target audience-30+ or anyone who is mature and well educated that really enjoys science and learning about the world. 

Genre-Factual, talking casual but getting across to the audience that this is an important factual show. It is more for older people this radio station and they tend to talk casually to the audience about history and about the world.

Style of program-Informal, general story's about history. Although the information they are telling the audience and the discussions they have when interviewing on air they do tend to talk casually to each other and discuss lots of issues about history and world problems. 

Structure of program--One presenter talking through out the broadcast, but when mentioning people on the show they get interviews and people in to talk about all the fact's they are highlighting so you can get the story from allot of point of views then end of the show. The format of the show is studio based on location. It is also a national radio station so it cannot be listened to outside the UK.

Contributors-One presenter and a few people interviewing.

Legal/ethical considerations-No swearing when talking about history because of the discussions some people don't always agree, make sure your not harming or offending anyone when talking about a certain subject. When talking about facts and science you need to consider the show is both fact and theory based and they credit other scientists so that they are not breaching the copyright law. 

Name of station-BBC radio 4

Name of show-1913: the year before 

Target audience- 30+ maybe history students or people that are interested in studying history and learning new things from the program about this.

Genre-Factual, talking about different history subjects every day. People enjoy listening to all the different stories that are told on the show and discussed to other people that ring in on the show. 

Style of program-Formal general stories about history. Even though they are talking to the others casually it is a formal station because it does not have news, weather, or music,and they are talking about important issues and discussing the past with one another.

Structure of program-Talking about the first world war then going into different discussions, people talking about political and social history of the war. Stories from many people. End of show (more next week)

Contributors-One presenter introducing the show then stories off a wide range of people.

Legal/ethical considerations-Make sure the information being reported is all correct and by these stories that are on BBC 4 they need to make sure they do not try harm or offend the public listening to the station, because it is facts more than theory on this station the history facts need to be completely right.

For this assignment i looked at a range of stations and learnt about news an factual programs, when doing other assignments next year i will now know what else i need to include to boost my grade higher, all the different types of stations i looked at were all studio based and on location, there was allot of different target audience's for each show, this is because not everyone fits into their demographic and psycho-graphic audience. Based on what i have listened to i have learnt that the purpose of a news show is to give an in depth reporting of information, which consist of, current affairs program, bulletins, longer news program and the purpose of a factual show is to both inform people with information and entertain them, these can consist of discussions, magazines, music sequences, documentaries and it can be investigative. A lot of the shows bring in new contributors, this is so that shows don't die down and they stay popular, and so the public can hear different opinions and and different debates.All the radio stations i chose to listen to were regional so they couldn't be listened to anywhere but the UK. There was a lot of legal and ethical considerations that stations have to understand that I found out about and i now know that when making my own vox pops and recording and putting together speech packages i need to also take them into consideration myself. All the shows use vox pops in different ways some for just asking a question some for a game show and some for debates and discussions but that's how you put together the radio station by adding in these vox pop's all the time and having different contributors. 

Task 4 part 1 (P4,M4,D4) creative media sectors

Radio

A few Job roles you can get out of radio

·         Broadcast assistant

·         Radio presenter

·         Reporter

·         Radio producer

·         Radio traffic manager

Broadcast Assistant

Work both in speech based and music radio, they offer practical support to producers and presenters, they undertake a wide range of key administrative tasks to ensure the smooth running of live and recorded radio programmes, and also might help with research planning and production. This job title is used a lot within the BBC for entry level roles in radio production. In the BBC most of radio broadcast assistants are members of a small team, although some are part of much larger programme units. They are mainly based in offices and recording studios, but may also work on location assisting with the production of outside broadcasts. This job role varies considerably from station to station, or programme to programme, in terms of the breadth of duties, and the balance between administrative and technical or production tasks. They are also expected to access information for research purposes, and ensure that it is accurate keep up to date contact lists, produce transcripts running orders and programme logs and deal promptly with correspondence and queries. The industry a radio broadcast assistant would come under would be print and publishing and marketing and advertising. The average salary only on a guide would be varied depending on whether you are in radio or television or freelance. Salaries for broadcast assistants with the BBC are usually at grade 3/4. From August 2012 (based on the type of contract) Grade 3 is £20,553 to £29,161 a year (in London) and £16,308 to £25,482 a year (outside London). Grade 4 is £22,819 to £32,739 a year (in London) and £18,574 to £29,060 (outside London). Starting salaries in local radio stations tend to be around £13,000 to £16,000 a year. The skills required include communication skills, good eyesight, good hearing, creative skills, IT skills, Keyboard, Organisational, Team work, Clear speaking voice, Confidence, Administration, Assertive, Flexible, Initiative, Meeting deadlines, Multi - Tasking, Remain calm under pressure. The qualifications needed are First Degree and HND. Good subjects would be media studies or broadcasting. Any experience could be broadcasting.

Radio presenter

Radio presenters are the voice of a station or programme, whether the work in speech based or music radio. They are responsible for creating the tone and style of Radio output and establishing a relationship with listeners. They may also be required to carry out a range of other production tasks, as well as deliver content for related websites or other mobile platforms. Presenters in music Radio work for a range of stations and programmes, catering for all music tastes. They work in all genres from topical talk shows to documentaries, light entertainment and comedy. Working hours can vary enormously and may involve early mornings, late nights and over nights, as well as working weekends or holidays. In some roles presenters are expected to travel to work on location, both win=thin the UK and abroad. Presenters need to be aware of their target audience and to be knowledgeable about the subject matter of the output they present. Radio presenters may present live or recorded shows, scripted and unscripted. They can be required to generate original ideas; carry out research; write scripts and links; work from a brief supplied by other members of a production team; conduct interviews with contributors in a studio or over the phone; handle debates or phone in's; and host live events. They are expected to fully know and understand all the media law's, regulation and industry codes. They should be able to operate various radio studios, and to record audio both in studios and on location. They may be also required to edit audio material - using suitable computer editing software. Some Radio Presenters may be required to write material for websites, blogs or other platforms, and to prepare visual images and video footage, as well as audio material, for on-line use. There is no clear career path in radio presenting and there are no set rules to advancing to the next stage. Radio presenters traditionally acquired their skills with hands on experience gained from working in hospital radio, student or community radio. Some presenters have entered the industry after studying an undergraduate degree or a post-graduate Diploma or MA in Radio or Media Production at college or university. Others have worker their way up to presenting from entry level positions within the radio station. From there moved to more mainstream time slots and then progressed to national shows. Some radio presenters can be recruited due to their specialist knowledge or because of their celebrity status. Some presenters moved to radio from TV and some radio presenters have crossed over to working in TV.
Skills and knowledge needed for this job would be, possessing excellent oral communication and presentation skills, having the capacity to work to a rigid schedule and manage their time effectively whilst working under pressure,  being up to date with current affairs and possessing research skills which can ensure accuracy of the information they are presenting on the air, having the ability to create dynamic and original shows consistently, self-motivation and adaptability.The salary varies widely, ranging from £14,000 for a presenter starting out on a local radio station to more than £150,000 for the best known celebrity presenters. Many work freelance.

Reporter

Radio reporters identify and research news stories then present them on air to a wide range of different audiences. Some of the work is office or newsroom-based, but they are expected to spend much of their time out and about gathering information, witnessing and recording events, and interviewing those involved. They may report live from events as they unfold, or record and edit material to create pre-recorded items for inclusion in news bulletins, or produce longer features or documentaries. Radio reporters may be required to work a variety of shift patterns - including night shifts, weekends and holidays. They must be prepared to travel, sometimes long distances, at any hour of the day or night, to research and report on events. Reporters may cover a wide range of stories, or focus on a specialist area such as politics, finance, sport or foreign affairs. They may be assigned to specific stories, but they are also responsible for generating ideas, researching background data, and assessing the value and accuracy of ideas and information from other sources. They must also pitch ideas and present new items for consideration by Editors, commissions, or other decision makers. The typical career routes for a reporter are to go to a larger station with a wider audience or from a local to a regional or national service. The starting salary for this job is around 13,000 and increases when you become a professional. The qualifications and training you need for this job are you might need a degree but it is not always essential, the majority of Radio producers are graduates, However radio employers do not necessarily expect the degree to be in the media-related subject, and may even prefer their recruits to have degrees in other disciplines - particularly those related to the radio genre in which they wish to work. Places on direct trainee schemes run by some of the larger broadcaster are highly sought after, as places are limited and such schemes do not recruit on a regular basis. A degree or equivalent may be a requirement for some of these schemes, but others may specifically target non-graduates. It may also be possible to secure some entry level roles in Radio without a degree, and to advance to producer level by gaining experience and contacts on the job.

Radio producer

Radio producers are responsible for the audio content of broadcasts via radio, the internet and other mobile platforms. They are involved in the entire process, from generating idea's to managing the audience response after a programme. Producers manage and work with broadcasting assistants, presenters and DJ's, engineers and IT staff. They may also be responsible for the business and commercial management of a programme. Producers can work in the publicly funded, commercial or voluntary sectors of broadcasting. Wherever they work, they are part of a digital revolution which is having a profound impact on the way in which radio is produced and accessed. Conditions vary widely depending on whether you are on a staff contract with the BBC, which offers well-defined and protected conditions, or part of a small community radio team. Salaries are extremely variable, but a graduate with some relevant experience might hope to earn up to 16,000. Non-graduate entry positions could command around 12,500. Salaries at senior level for those with experience range from 30,000 - 25,000. Freelance salaries vary from 150 to 300 a day, depending on experience. Working hours may be long and unpredictable, typically including unsocial hours such as shift patterns, weekends and holidays. Although this area of work is open to all graduates and diplomats, a degree in radio or media production may increase your chances. Degrees in broadcast journalism or media studies may also be useful. Although a postgraduate qualification is not essential, a postgraduate diploma or Masters in radio production may be useful, particularly if your degree is in an unrelated subject. Two thirds of all radio workers have a degree or postgraduate qualification. Progression within this career is usually self-driven. Many producers work on a freelance basis and move from one employer to another. It is possible to gain freelance work on a long-term basis. Making contacts within the industry is essential, particularity the start of your career. Think of creative ways to make links with potential employers and to gain relevant experience. Career development is achieved by moving to a different programme or network. For example a local radio producer with several years experience may apply for a post on national radio career, career progression is gained through working for a more prestigious network, programme or presenter. As they gain more experience, producers also tend to focus on a specialist area of interest such as news, drama or documentaries. Radio producers may be employed by the BBC, commercial and community radio, or local or national stations, or by independent production companies...

Typical employers include:

• BBC Radio
• Independent radio groups
• Community radio stations
• Independent production companies
• Large media groups example: Bauer media, Global radio, Real and smooth
• Large commercial radio groups - radio centre

Radio traffic manager

Radio traffic managers run traffic teams, who's purpose is to accurately schedule commercial airtime and station promotions, and to produce data analyzing the effectiveness of campaigns for the sales team and clients. They co-ordinate the work of traffic executives and traffic assistants. Radio traffic managers are expected to work closely with colleagues in sales marketing, sponsorship,promotions, events, publicity and programming. They must ensure that their team offers an efficient service, handling bookings, communicating availability to the sales team, and ensuring that all commercial activity is delivered to the satisfaction of clients and agencies. Although there is no set entry route for traffic managers in radio, employers look for significant experience of dealing with traffic in radio or related media environment, such as tv broadcasters or advertising agencies. The skills and knowledge you will need for this are excellent organisational and administrative skills, attention to detail, ability to ananlyse and interpret data, and make the information accessible for non-specialist colleagues.

Professional behaviour in the workplace

Professional Behaviour

When getting a job their is many ways you have to behave in the workplace this includes;

No swearing in the workplace and using correct language when in certain area's for example if you work as a radio broadcaster you cannot start swearing on the radio as it is not allowed and doing this could cause you to lose your job and stop you from getting another one. Punctuality is a big thing when working somewhere you need to be on time for work and meetings and other things that you are included in at work, when working for somewhere such as TFM you cant turn up late to record shows or the company will lose out and you will be fired. Attendance needs to be kept 100% unless you have a reason for it not to be as when having a job if you don't turn up for it you will miss a lot of work and the boss will end up having words with you about this. You need to have social skills in the workplace because you need to interact with other people and get to know them so you can all work together in a team, if you don't like someone in your workplace you have to learn to live with it if you want to succeed in the job, you also need social skills to be able to get opinions across in meetings together and be able to discuss things with each other. Concentration needs to be happening in the workplace you can't get distracted by mobile phones or chatting as it will lead to you not getting the work done that needs to be done and you wont impress your customers or boss. Be responsible for your actions and own up to things in the workplace, people like to know they can trust you and know that you wont lie to them. You need respect for the people you work with and your boss and customers, you need to treat them fairly and no different to any other, no racism or anything like that, you also need to give respect to people with lower jobs than yourself and treat everyone in the workplace the same. You need to be equipped and ready to work with all the things you are expected to bring to work with you if not this is not being organized which makes your job allot harder! You need to be reliable so your boss knows he/she can leave you with things to do if he/she is in a meeting or busy it makes you seem as if you can't be bothered with the job and aren't able to do everything you are put up to doing. When having a job you should dress correctly and look presentable as you need to impress customers and look your best at all times you can't come to work in a tracksuit if you work say in Radio because you have photo's took sometimes so a suit is usually normal or even just casual but presentable clothes so you look smart and not any different to any of the other colleagues. You need to manage time correctly if you have work and it has to be in on a certain date its like a deadline but if it isn't in on time you will most likely get a warning or be sacked depending on how important that work is for your company or boss. You need to be motivated and actually look as if want to do the job because if you show you enjoy it and work your hardest your boss may promote you. You need to be committed and dedicated and make sure you don't stay off for stupid reasons as it can get you into a lot of trouble. You need to work as part of a team because if you don't your jobs going to seem a lot harder for you because when working in a team you get more work done as you can work together and go to meetings together and discuss things without being on your own.